{"id":1239,"date":"2025-04-28T10:36:09","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T10:36:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/?p=1239"},"modified":"2025-07-01T11:10:28","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T11:10:28","slug":"from-infection-to-inflammation-how-immunity-shapes-bone-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/from-infection-to-inflammation-how-immunity-shapes-bone-health\/","title":{"rendered":"From Infection to Inflammation: How Immunity Shapes Bone Health"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1239\" class=\"elementor elementor-1239\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-456bf28 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"456bf28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a39ca93 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a39ca93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59bb69e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59bb69e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn this second installment of our blog series on Osteoimmunology, we\u2019ll explore the intricate connection between immunity and bone health, and how this interplay influences repair processes.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d76dd08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d76dd08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"387\" src=\"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/56cf1a_3d968d1ba08846fe85a017c73893440amv2.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1241\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/56cf1a_3d968d1ba08846fe85a017c73893440amv2.png 740w, https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/56cf1a_3d968d1ba08846fe85a017c73893440amv2-300x157.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21c5d84 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21c5d84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong><em>The Immune System: A Dual Defense Mechanism<\/em><\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-220e98f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"220e98f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe immune system functions to protect the body against foreign invaders (antigens), including bacteria, viruses, and toxins. It also plays a role in directing tissue repair, including bone healing after injuries. The immune system mediates its defense through two complementary mechanisms.\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5c04a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5c04a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"-wuhD _6XZJW\"><li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\"><p id=\"viewer-pm0vl183\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>Innate immunity: <\/strong>the first line of defense, acting immediately after injury or antigen exposure. It\u2019s nonspecific and antigen-independent, providing rapid protection. \u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\"><p id=\"viewer-du4si187\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>Adaptive<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>immunity: <\/strong>The second line of defense, marked by the generation of antibodies (B-cells) and cytokines (T-cells). It\u2019s antigen-specific and requires time to mount a response, but it creates immunologic memory for faster reactions in the future. \u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10cd592 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10cd592\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTogether, these systems work to defend against pathogens and facilitate tissue repair. Any defects in either system can lead to increased vulnerability to disease or impaired healing (1).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba4117f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba4117f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong><em>The RANK\/RANKL\/OPG Axis: A Balancing Act in Bone Repair<\/em><\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c694f49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c694f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\">The RANK\/RANKL\/OPG complex is a critical pathway linking immune and skeletal systems. It regulates bone remodeling and repair by balancing bone resorption and formation (2):<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f83d94d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f83d94d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"ggbv- _6XZJW\">\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-3oa4b199\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>RANK (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B): <\/strong>a receptor on the osteoclast precursors that promotes their differentiation and activation for bone resorption<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-sv4ro203\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>RANKL (RANK Ligand):<\/strong>\u00a0Produced by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and stromal cells, it binds to RANK to stimulate osteoclast activity, ensuring damaged bone is cleared during repair.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-05eby207\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>OPG (Osteoprotegerin):<\/strong>\u00a0A decoy receptor secreted by osteoblasts and stromal cells, it binds to RANKL to inhibit osteoclast activation, limiting bone resorption.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2ae550 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b2ae550\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis delicate balance is essential for effective bone repair. Dysregulation can lead to conditions like osteoporosis or delayed fracture healing.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36a4d86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36a4d86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong><em>Innate Immunity: The First Responder in Bone Repair<\/em><\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8c51e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8c51e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhen you break a bone, your innate immune system springs into action. Within minutes, immune cells such as neutrophils and monocytes race to the injury site, initiating acute inflammation (3). Here\u2019s how they contribute to bone repair:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-243f599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"243f599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"-wuhD _6XZJW\">\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-karhy217\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>Neutrophils:<\/strong>\u00a0Express high levels of RANKL, promoting osteoclastic bone resorption.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-ec0dw221\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>Monocytes:<\/strong>\u00a0Differentiate into macrophages which:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"-wuhD _6XZJW\">\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"2\">\n<p id=\"viewer-kbmwe12198\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\">Drive the inflammation occurring at the injury site during the initial phase of healing.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"2\">\n<p id=\"viewer-ia2gp227\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\">Resolve inflammation and coordinate tissue regeneration in later stages.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"2\">\n<p id=\"viewer-p7ba5229\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\">Present antigens to T cells and secrete inflammatory mediators to recruit other immune cells.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-af8a3231\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>Dendritic Cells: <\/strong>Trigger<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>the cytotoxic T cell response during the initial inflammation phase (4,5).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8c0a5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8c0a5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAny disruption in these processes can result in complications like non-union or delayed union of fractures.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0adfd72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0adfd72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Adaptive Immunity: The Regulator of Bone Health<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f57eaa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f57eaa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\">After the innate immune system sets the stage, adaptive immunity takes over to regulate the bone repair process. T lymphocytes play a central role (2):<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d5adcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d5adcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"-wuhD _6XZJW\">\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-h0fc6243\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>T-helper (Th) Cells:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n<ol class=\"-wuhD _6XZJW\">\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"2\">\n<p id=\"viewer-jioch246\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>Th1 Cells:<\/strong>\u00a0Activate macrophages and eliminate intracellular pathogens through cytokines like IL-12 and TNF-\u03b1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"2\">\n<p id=\"viewer-ibiln250\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>Th2 Cells:<\/strong>\u00a0Facilitate the removal of extracellular microorganisms and stimulate B cells, granulocytes, and mast cells.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-53nt9254\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>B lymphocytes: <\/strong>Present antigens to activate T cells and secrete cytokines like RANKL, contributing to osteoclastogenesis.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-ntcvb258\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>Dendritic cells:<\/strong>\u00a0Produce OPG to limit osteoclast activity during the later stages of bone repair (5).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-rckia262\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\"><strong>Macrophages:<\/strong> Transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory states, secreting growth factors like TGF-\u03b2 and VEGF, which promote tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. They also release BMP-2 to stimulate osteoblast activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db5487b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db5487b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>Immunity and Bone Health: It\u2019s A Delicate Balance<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26dd9c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"26dd9c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-breakout=\"normal\">\n<p id=\"viewer-y3c2y268\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _3GmD8 UGHSE\" dir=\"auto\"><span class=\"mVzZr _3GmD8\">Understanding the crosstalk between bones and the immune system is key to maintaining bone health, augmenting bone repair, and developing novel treatments for inflammatory bone diseases. Curious to learn more? Explore our blog series to see how science and innovation are shaping the future of bone health.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33bf66a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33bf66a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong>References:<\/strong>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-773d3d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"773d3d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"-wuhD _6XZJW\">\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-5l34l274\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _6XZJW UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr\">Marshall, J. S., Warrington, R., Watson, W., &amp; Kim, H. L. (2018). An introduction to immunology and immunopathology. <em>Allergy, Asthma &amp; Clinical Immunology<\/em>, <em>14<\/em>(S2), 49. <a class=\"WAzZp aiPD3\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13223-018-0278-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13223-018-0278-1<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-oh9nb281\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _6XZJW UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr\">Udagawa, N., Koide, M., Nakamura, M.\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>\u00a0Osteoclast differentiation by RANKL and OPG signaling pathways.\u00a0<em>J Bone Miner Metab<\/em>\u00a0<strong>39<\/strong>, 19\u201326 (2021). <a class=\"WAzZp aiPD3\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00774-020-01162-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00774-020-01162-6<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-74xbo291\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _6XZJW UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr\">Bergin, S. M., Crutcher, C. L., Keeler, C., Rocos, B., Haglund, M. M., Michael Guo, H., Gottfried, O. N., Richardson, W. J., &amp; Than, K. D. (2023). Osteoimmunology: Interactions With the Immune System in Spinal Fusion. <em>International Journal of Spine Surgery<\/em>, <em>17<\/em>(S3), S9\u2013S17. <a class=\"WAzZp aiPD3\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14444\/8556\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14444\/8556<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-vo02l298\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _6XZJW UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr\">Fischer, V., &amp; Haffner-Luntzer, M. (2022). Interaction between bone and immune cells: Implications for postmenopausal osteoporosis. <em>Seminars in Cell &amp; Developmental Biology<\/em>, <em>123<\/em>, 14\u201321. <a class=\"WAzZp aiPD3\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.05.014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.05.014<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-n2l85305\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _6XZJW UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr\">Molitoris, K. H., Huang, M., &amp; Baht, G. S. (2024). Osteoimmunology of Fracture Healing. <em>Current Osteoporosis Reports<\/em>. <a class=\"WAzZp aiPD3\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11914-024-00869-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11914-024-00869-z<\/u><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-viewer-njixc855\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _6XZJW UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr\">L\u00e9vesque JP, Helwani FM, Winkler IG. The endosteal &#8216;osteoblastic&#8217; niche and its role in hematopoietic stem cell homing and mobilization. Leukemia. 2010 Dec;24(12):1979-92. <a class=\"WAzZp aiPD3\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20861913\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>doi: 10.1038\/leu.2010.214.<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Epub 2010 Sep 23. PMID: 20861913.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li class=\"_8T5i3\" dir=\"auto\" aria-level=\"1\">\n<p id=\"viewer-viewer-yod651221\" class=\"_04qQG jtShe _6XZJW UGHSE\" dir=\"\"><span class=\"mVzZr\">Hurwitz SN, Jung SK, Kurre P. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell signaling in the niche. Leukemia. 2020 Dec;34(12):3136-3148. <a class=\"WAzZp aiPD3\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33077865\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>doi: 10.1038\/s41375-020-01062-8<\/u><\/a><a class=\"WAzZp aiPD3\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33077865\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-hook=\"web-link\"><u>.<\/u><\/a> Epub 2020 Oct 19. PMID: 33077865.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this second installment of our blog series on Osteoimmunology, we\u2019ll explore the intricate connection between immunity and bone health, and how this interplay influences repair processes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1297,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1239"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1327,"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1239\/revisions\/1327"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stage.website4md.com\/molecular-matrix\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}